A inserção da pauta climática na política de cabotagem brasileira: uma análise do programa BR do Mar

Abstract

This study examines cabotage transportation in the context of climate change, focusing on Law 14.301/2022, and assesses its potential to reduce greenhouse gas - GHG emissions in Brazil. Cabotage, defined by the National Waterway Transportation Agency - ANTAQ as navigation between national ports, primarily by sea, has historically faced challenges such as a lack of investment in port infrastructure and naval fleets, as well as the predominance of road transport, which accounts for 65% of cargo transportation and 88% of CO₂ emissions. In contrast, waterway transport emits only 4% of GHGs, standing out as a sustainable alternative. Despite its potential, cabotage remains underutilized, primarily transporting goods such as petroleum and bauxite, with a modest share in container shipping. The study suggests that expanding this mode of transportation could significantly contribute to meeting Brazil's emission reduction targets, as established by the National Climate Change Policy - PNMC and aligned with the Paris Agreement. However, Law 14.301/2022 does not clearly or effectively address the integration of cabotage into climate policies, nor does it provide robust incentives for its adoption. The study concludes that cabotage represents a strategic opportunity for Brazil to reduce its emissions, particularly in the transportation sector, which is expected to increase its share of GHG emissions. It recommends greater involvement of experts and the ecological community in public policy development, as well as the inclusion of ambitious targets and incentives for clean technologies in maritime transport, aiming to align legislation with global climate commitments